Our Solar System, The Sun And Its Planets Has Not Always Been There. E

Our Solar system, the sun and its planet's has not always been there. It is nearly five billion years ago, and there is no solar system, no planets, moons, no sun. Instead there is a big cloud of dust and gas called a nebula. This cloud has been slowly twisting for more than 10 billion years, held together by it's own gravity. Then a star explodes......WOW!! its a super nova.... The blast pushes the gases of our nebula together. That strengthens the gravitational pull of those gases even more and they begin to come together still more. The whole cloud begins to get smaller and as it does so, it swirls faster and faster, and grows smaller and smaller. Ok, dudes and dudettes, lets take a closer look at our nebula. The cloud, scientists think started our solar system. The material of this nebula was more than 99% hydrogen and helium. These elements were formed at the very beginning of the universe. Heavier elements made up the rest. These heavier elements had formed during the lives and violent death of stars that were much larger than our own sun. These explosions spread the heavier elements through space. As the nebula shrank, most of the material fell to the center and gathered into a huge big ass ball of gas!! At the center of this ball, matter became very hot and tightly packed. In this test of heat and pressure hydrogen atoms smashed and combined with each other to form helium. This process is called nuclear fusion. The fusion released huge amounts of energy and as this energy spread to the outer layers of the ball, it began to glow. Thus, creating what is in the present day the sun!! Away from the center of the cloud, the dust and gas were thinner. This material collected into a ball of hot gases. As the gases cooled tiny things began to form. Near the center only rocky elements could become solid particles. Farther from the sun icy things could form from the cooling gas. These particles began to collide and strike each other, which in turns forms larger clumps. Some clumps grew more quickly than others and thier increased mass gave them greater gravity allowing them to gather more stuff and grow even more quickly. The rocky planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars formed where temperatures were high. The gas giants formed farther away from the heat of the sun. Meanwhile the energy created at the center of the sun was beginning to reach the surface of the star and radiate into space along with a gust of energetic particles. This radiation and solar wind began to push out the remaining bad house guests of the nebula, sweeping the solar system clean.

12 Author Websites That Get It Right

12 Author Websites That Get It Right 12 Author Websites That Get It Right Now that you’ve learned our 10 Tips on How to Make an Author Website, you’re probably ready to set up shop. If you’re itching to make a big impression but need a boost of creativity to get you started, check out the 12 author websites below. Each website was picked because it features an example of effective and personal author marketing.Take a look, and don’t forget to leave us your thoughts and opinions in the comments!1. David Sedaris: Put your book front and centerAuthors often make the mistake of thinking that people visit their websites just to read their bio. Are you, the author, important? Sure, but your book’s more important. Let people know they’re on an author’s website by making your product the star of the show, as David Sedaris does. A minimalist setup makes it impossible not to notice the main event: David’s new book.Her Contact Follow page - one of the most important spots on any author’s website - tell you exactly where you can find her, and precisely what you will find her doing there:I use Twitter and Tumblr to share links to my daily Billfold posts along with the other freelance writing work I do every week, so they’re great places to follow my vast fast writing output.I use Instagram to share what I’m reading and where I’m going. If you want to know even more about what I’m reading, follow me on Goodreads.Sign up for my TinyLetter to get updates on The Biographies of Ordinary People, upcoming classes, and other relevant news.These days, we have so many different ways of communicating with a person, that it almost feels harder than ever just to connect with someone. Not so on Nicole’s website.Takeaway: Playing hard to get is not a wise move for an indie author. If you’ve achieved the great success of having potential readers, agents, or publishers land on your website, don’t make it hard for them to find you. A dedicated, well-thought-out and well-maintained contact page is key. Author websites tip #12: Make it clear how to reach you. In order to sell books, indie authors need to first invest in their books. Part of this involves using as many of the marketing resources in their arsenal as possible, and this absolutely includes an author website. Each of the examples showcase best practices when it comes to author websites, but remember that your own website shouldn’t simply be a copy of an existing one. Take our tips and make them work for you.And if you need a hand in getting your author website set up, head to the Reedsy marketplace where we have just welcomed a host of talented, professional web designers. To find out more about how these professionals can help you build an online presence and get a free quote, visit our Author Website Design page.If you're looking for even more inspiration, check out an older post of ours on  Author Website Design Inspiration.If any of our tips help you improve your author website - or if your site hits the mark to begin with - drop the link in the comments so we c an check it out!

Why was there widespread innovation in Britain in the 18th century Essay

Why was there widespread innovation in Britain in the 18th century - Essay Example First, there were natural reasons like richness in the natural resources. Secondly, changes in the kingdom, power and autonomy also made the environment more favorable for innovation and creativity in the Britain. The two aspects are discussed below: Natural and political reasons favoring innovation in 18th century Britain: Britain saw such a large industrial revolution because she was rich in three commodities in particular which were iron, coal and water. Britain was able to use the water in her mountainous districts in order to drive the mills that were very important in the initial period of industrialization. â€Å"..the rivers, amplified from 1761 by a developing network of canals, facilitate inland transport in an age where roads are only rough tracks† (History World 1). Also, Britain was equipped with such a wonderful access to sea that goods could be transported through sea between the coastal areas without any inconvenience. Britain was able to make full use of its i ron ores because of the technological advancements made particularly by the Darby family in the 18th century. In the later half of the 18th century, Britain was equipped with the steam power with the hard work of Boulton and Watt. â€Å"The first Boulton and Watt engine was completed in 1776† (Weissenbache 202). Because of the discovery of steam power, the wide spread resources of coal gained extreme importance in Britain. The 1688 revolution resulted in immense changes that paved way for the contributions of Matthew Boulton and Abraham Darby on the political side of the story. There was a considerable decline in the royal power in Britain after 1688. As a result of this, middle class gained strength and surfaced in Britain very rapidly and forcefully. The middle class was eager to gain more money and power, and therefore, resolved to achieve the strength through inventions, innovation and enhancement in the mechanical side. One evidence of rise in the strength of middle clas s is Richard Arkwright, who came from a very poor background and gained a lot of wealth through his contributions in the innovation in Britain. In addition to the innovation supportive circumstances happening within Britain, Britain also facilitated the process by involving other countries in it and supporting them in any way she could. Britain offered the budding businessmen and entrepreneurs a very big and rich market to dwell in. Fortunately, England removed differences with Scotland and united with Scotland in 1707. Their internal tariff barriers were removed and the trade was promoted. American colonies were provided by Britain with frequent opportunities of trade. Later, Britain opened trade with India on a large scale. Industrial revolution in Britain was facilitated largely by increased control of Britain over the seas in the same century. â€Å"Much of the profitable carrying trade in the world's commerce can be secured for British merchant vessels† (History World 1) . Although there were large resources of iron in Britain, it could not use it to the full capacity because iron required charcoal in huge quantities in order to be smelted. Charcoal was very costly for Britain and she had to look out for other means of smelting iron so as to make the process more profitable and cost effective. It continued to be like this until 1709, when Abraham Darby discovered that charcoal can be replaced by coke in order to smelt the pig iron (Dickinson 131). Since then, coke has been used to smelt iron. It was cost-effective and fulfilled the purpose. This way, Britain’